Customers no longer measure service in days or even hours—they measure it in seconds. Whether they’re paying employees, closing on a home, moving money between accounts, or covering an unexpected expense, they expect funds to be available immediately. That demand for speed is fueling the rapid growth of real-time payments, particularly those enabled by the Federal Reserve’s FedNow Service.
In a PaymentsJournal Podcast, Bernadette Ksepka, SVP, Deputy Head of Product Management for the FedNow Service; Shankar Jayaraman, Director of NOW Network at Fiserv; and Ben Danner, Senior Analyst of Debit at Javelin Strategy and Research, discussed the use cases driving the service’s momentum and how financial institutions that have yet to join the network can position themselves to meet evolving customer expectations.
Breaking Records Every Day
As more use cases for FedNow go live and more institutions participate, adoption continues to accelerate. Every week, the FedNow Service is breaking its own records.
It recently surpassed 1,776 financial institutions on board, which according to Ksepka is an appropriate number for a U.S. payment system to celebrate. Fifty service providers support FedNow connectivity, and new banks are joining the network almost daily. The service now reaches all 50 states and includes seven of the top U.S. banks.
“And 95% of our participants are community banks and credit unions,” said Ksepka. “They’re offering instant payments alongside some of the nation’s largest institutions. This isn’t just large banks chasing new technology. A credit union in rural Montana wants the same real-time tools that a major bank in New York City wants.”
Finding New Avenues for Growth
FedNow’s growth is being fueled by a combination of expanding participation and an increasing number of real-world use cases.
One of the fastest-growing areas is earned wage access and off-cycle payroll. Workers no longer want to wait two weeks for a paycheck, and employers are using the FedNow Service to provide access to earned wages or pay employees at the end of a shift. For many families, that can mean the difference between paying rent on time and falling behind.
The service is also reshaping major life events. Homebuyers can send escrow payments instantly, while car buyers can complete financing and drive off the lot immediately—even on weekends. Digital wallet funding and defunding has emerged as another significant use case, enabling money to move seamlessly in and out of brokerage accounts, payment apps and other digital platforms.
Businesses are finding value in real-time payments as well. Major fintechs are partnering with FedNow to deliver new capabilities to their customers, while small businesses are using the service to pay suppliers faster, improve cash flow, and reduce reliance on checks.
For financial institutions, account-to-account transfers remain a significant opportunity. Many consumers maintain multiple accounts and increasingly expect to move money instantly between them, whether within the same institution or across different banks.
Behind this growth are several structural advantages. The expanding number of participating financial institutions continues to increase the network’s reach, while FedNow’s direct participation model allows banks to settle transactions through their Fed master accounts. Another catalyst came last year with the introduction of instant government payouts, demonstrating the potential of real-time payments at scale.
“FEMA was the first agency to make disbursements over FedNow through Treasury’s digital payout program,” said Ksepka. “When families are dealing with a crisis, getting those funds immediately instead of waiting days for a check to arrive and clear is not just more convenient, it’s critical. Other agencies are now using the service, with more expected to join in the near term.”
Tracking Payment Numbers
The growing use of the FedNow Service for larger-value transactions is evident in the numbers.
As the financial institutions serving businesses use the network for everything from vendor payments and disbursements to corporate transfers and brokerage-related transactions, the average payment value has climbed well beyond that of other real-time payment networks. In 2025, according to Danner’s research, the average FedNow transaction exceeded $100,000, compared with approximately $4,000 on The Clearing House’s RTP network as of June 2025.
“Adopters of FedNow are seeing more high-value B2B payments, while something like RTP is going to be more consumer-focused,” said Danner. “That being said, average value per payment has actually declined on FedNow despite the overall volume growth. That suggests broadening use cases beyond the historical high value corporate transactions.
Ksepka added: “That’s the beauty of the platform. We are use-case agnostic, and it’s a platform for innovation that allows for any types of use cases.”
Overcoming Concerns
Financial institutions still face several obstacles when it comes to adopting instant payments. Three concerns come up repeatedly, starting with core system readiness: Is the institution prepared to process 24/7/365 real-time transactions?
The second is liquidity management. How do institutions keep accounts funded when they are sending money? Is there a risk of running a negative balance?
“Most of the financial institutions who are sending today have solved that by taking baby steps,” Jaramayan said. “Come in on the network. Participate in the network. Receive first. Your ability to receive payments gives you a perspective of how things are in that space. All the rest then falls in line right after, one after the other.”
The third is internal prioritization. Many financial institutions approach instant payments as a technology initiative when, in reality, it’s a product decision. Every institution has competing priorities and long project backlogs, but instant payments are increasingly becoming table stakes, and customers are coming to expect these capabilities.
“For late adopters, my biggest advice is don’t overthink it,” said Ksepka. “Start simple. You don’t need 10 use cases on day one. Pick one meaningful opportunity for your customers, maybe weekend auto loans or faster B2B payments. You learn from there.”
FedNow Into the Future
As it moves forward, the FedNow Service is focused on three goals: unlocking more innovation, strengthening security and risk mitigation, and preparing for the next wave of instant payment capabilities. That includes features such as Request for Payment and, eventually, cross-border payments.
“We’re super excited about a group of innovative early adopters coming together to work with us to test these new flows, explore new features, and really help shape what 24/7 international payments look like,” Ksepka said.
One of the newest tool provides sender institutions with receiver account signals to help assess risk before a payment is sent over the network. FedNow is also exploring ways to make payee name verification easier through a real-time API, giving institutions another layer of assurance before payments are made from their customers’ accounts.
“The biggest message is don’t get left behind and don’t give your customers a reason to look elsewhere for financial services,” said Jarayaman. “Now is the time to adopt if you haven’t. The financial institutions who ultimately win will be the ones who treat real-time as an infrastructure, not as a feature.”
